Why dogs bark — and how to reduce it

Barking is one of the most common complaints about dogs, and one of the most misunderstood. Shouting “quiet!” rarely works — to your dog, it may just sound like you are barking along. The secret to reducing barking is to work out why your dog is doing it, because each type needs a different approach.

Alert barking

The postman, a dog passing the window, a car door. Many breeds were developed to raise the alarm. Try:

• Reducing triggers: frosted window film on lower panes, moving the sofa away from the window, white noise.
• Teaching a “thank you” routine: when your dog barks, calmly say “thank you”, go to look, then call your dog away for a treat. Many dogs are satisfied that you have checked.

Boredom barking

Dogs left without enough to do may bark to entertain themselves. More exercise, sniffing walks, food puzzles and training games often solve it.

Demand barking

Barking for attention, food or play works — that’s why it continues. Every time the barking gets a response, even a scolding, it is rewarded. Ignore barking completely (no eye contact, no talking) and reward quiet. It will often get worse before it improves, as your dog tries harder — be consistent.

Fear and reactive barking

A dog who barks and lunges at other dogs or people on walks is usually frightened, saying “go away”. Punishing it can make the fear worse. Keep a distance where your dog can cope, reward calm looks at the trigger, and work with a qualified behaviourist.

Separation-related barking

Barking, howling or whining when left alone may be a sign of separation distress. Film your dog when you go out — the answer is usually clear within minutes. See our guide to separation anxiety.

Teaching “quiet”

1. When your dog barks, wait for a pause.
2. In the pause, say “quiet” calmly and give a treat.
3. Gradually increase how long your dog must stay quiet before the treat.

When to see a vet

Sudden new barking or howling, especially in older dogs, can be linked to pain, hearing loss or canine cognitive dysfunction. A check-up is worthwhile.

Questions owners ask

Which breeds bark the most?

Many terriers, Beagles, Miniature Schnauzers and toy breeds such as Chihuahuas tend to be vocal. Basenjis barely bark but yodel instead. Every dog is an individual.

Why does my dog bark at night?

Night barking can be caused by noises outside, needing the toilet, discomfort, or in older dogs, confusion. Address the cause rather than the noise.

Is debarking surgery acceptable?

Surgical debarking is considered unethical by many veterinary organisations and is illegal in some countries. It doesn’t address the cause of barking.